Sahel of Burkina Faso: charcoal analysis within a wider interdisciplinary framework revealed that in the course of the 1st millennium CE fallow periods had shortened with intensified agriculture and that the exploited vegetation contained a stronger share of browse species due to the increased importance of cattle around 1000 CE. In order to identify general as well as particular trajectories of cultural landscape development, “Cultivated Landscapes” now takes a supra-regional approach. Within “Entangled Africa”, the significance of the project is two-fold as people acted within landscapes as well as on landscapes: Landscapes set the stage for movement, communication and trade; landscapes are thus the space where people are entangled with one another. Simultaneously, the landscapes themselves are entangled with people, as they are shaped through human land-use in all its forms. To elucidate these past human-environment interrelationships palaeobotanical approaches are essential, because the physiognomy of landscapes is to a large extent shaped by plants. In the African savannas, archaeological charcoal is particularly suitable: it is derived from an important part of the savanna vegetation and it is directly related to human actions through its archaeological context. Based on the analyses of charcoal from savanna sites between the Senegal River and Lake Chad this project will characterize the consequences of human-environment interactions, develop a model of temporal and spatial changes, and tie in with questions and evidence from other projects within “Entangled Africa” by integrating data related to environment, socio-economic systems and human impact.