{"id":912,"date":"2021-03-14T11:29:17","date_gmt":"2021-03-14T10:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/tana\/?page_id=912"},"modified":"2024-03-11T21:18:52","modified_gmt":"2024-03-11T20:18:52","slug":"musawwarat-es-sufra","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/tana\/musawwarat-es-sufra\/","title":{"rendered":"Musawwarat es-Sufra"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Musawwarat es-Sufra (Sudan)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\"Fig.
Fig. 1 | \u00a9 A. M. Elsheikh<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>
\"Fig.
Fig. 2 | \u00a9 C. Kleinitz<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>
\"Fig.
Fig. 3 | \u00a9 C. Kleinitz<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>
\"Fig.
Fig. 4 | \u00a9 P. R. Simon<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>
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As part of the \u2018Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe\u2019 UNESCO World Heritage entry, Musawwarat es-Sufra is one of the best preserved and most intriguing monumental archaeological sites in Sudan. Musawwarat comprises extensive \u2013 and in parts singular \u2013architectural structures in a picturesque, remote valley in what was the heartland of the ancient Kingdom of Kush. The types of buildings and the absence of substantial occupation debris indicate that throughout the Meroitic period Musawwarat was dedicated to hosting large-scale cult activities rather than being a dwelling place.<\/p>

Most of the temples and temple complexes visible today date to the beginning of the Meroitic period of the Kingdom of Kush, which stretched from the 3rd<\/sup> century BC to the 4th<\/sup> century AD. This makes Musawwarat one of the few archaeological sites with well-preserved remains from the Early Meroitic period. At this transformative time, we see significant changes in various aspects of cultural expression, among them religion, arts and architecture, with local or \u2018indigenous\u2019 facets of Kushite culture becoming more pronounced and visible. Manifestations of this shift are pronounced at Musawwarat, which boasts the earliest known durable temple for the local lion-headed god Apedemak, unique architectural and decorative solutions as well as early examples of a newly developed script for the local Meroitic language, one of the first written languages of sub-Saharan Africa.<\/p>

The site of Musawwarat has long been the subject of archaeological research under the auspices of Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin in cooperation with the Sudanese National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums (NCAM). In-depth surveys and excavations were accompanied by extensive conservation, restoration, maintenance and public presentation measures. A new research project based at the DAI-KAAK continues and builds on this work by bringing together diverse strands of evidence from field, archival and collections research in order to study the sensescapes of Musawwarat. In particular, the project asks to what extent \u2018local traditions\u2019 could have been manifested in concepts of space, aspects of visual culture or the sensorial bandwidth of cult practices and how these may have been incorporated into the planning, design and use of the architectural structures in the valley of Musawwarat. After previous research has mainly focused on influences from Egypt, the Mediterranean and the Near East, this project investigates some of the multifaceted cultural expressions of the Meroitic world from the perspectives of African, Sensory and Spatial Archaeology.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Members<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Dr. Cornelia Kleinitz
<\/strong><\/p>

Commission for Archaeology of Non-European Cultures<\/p>

cornelia.kleinitz@dainst.de<\/em><\/p>

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Zaroog Bakri Mohamed Ahmed M.A.<\/strong><\/p>

National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums (NCAM)<\/p>

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Alfatih Mohamed Ali Saeed, M.A.
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University of Khartoum<\/p>

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Hassan Ebeid-Allah Abdalla<\/strong><\/p>

Musawwarat Community Council<\/p>

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Ayman Hassan Salih Osman<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dipl.-Ing. Christian Hartl-Reiter<\/strong><\/p>

Commission for Archaeology of Non-European Cultures<\/p>

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Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin | Institute of Archaeology | AKNOA<\/strong><\/p>

Link<\/a><\/p>

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National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums (NCAM) in Khartoum<\/strong><\/p>

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UNESCO World Heritage<\/strong><\/p>

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Figure Captions<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Fig. 1<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0 Valley of Musawwarat with the Great Enclosure in the foreground and the Apedemak Temple in the background [Musawwarat Project, photo by Ahmed Mustafa Elsheikh].<\/p>

Fig. 2<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0 Apedemak or Lion Temple at Musawwarat [Musawwarat Project, photo by Cornelia Kleinitz].<\/p>

Fig. 3<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0 Elephant-shaped wall end and part of Temple 100 on the Central Terrace of the Great Enclosure at Musawwarat [Musawwarat Project, photo by Cornelia Kleinitz].<\/p>

Fig. 4<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0 Re-excavating an offering area in the vicinity of the Apedemak Temple at Musawwarat [Musawwarat Project, photo by Pedro Rodriguez Simon].<\/p>

Fig. 5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Studying an ancient iron trumpet from Musawwarat in the Sudan Archaeological Collection & Archive at Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin [Musawwarat Project, photo by Alvaro Minguito].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Musawwarat es-Sufra (Sudan) Fig. 1 | \u00a9 A. M. Elsheikh Fig. 2 | \u00a9 C. Kleinitz Fig. 3 | \u00a9 C. Kleinitz Fig. 4 | \u00a9 P. R. Simon Fig. 5 | \u00a9 A. Minguito As part of the \u2018Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe\u2019 UNESCO World Heritage entry, Musawwarat es-Sufra is one of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-912","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/tana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/912"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/tana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/tana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/tana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/tana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=912"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/tana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/912\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2474,"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/tana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/912\/revisions\/2474"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/tana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}