{"id":7499,"date":"2019-03-20T15:59:45","date_gmt":"2019-03-20T14:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/?p=7499"},"modified":"2019-05-27T22:26:55","modified_gmt":"2019-05-27T20:26:55","slug":"a-rather-odd-figure-the-so-called-kilisik-sculpture-from-adiyaman-turkey","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/2019\/03\/20\/a-rather-odd-figure-the-so-called-kilisik-sculpture-from-adiyaman-turkey\/","title":{"rendered":"A rather odd figure: The so-called Kilisik Sculpture from Ad\u0131yaman, Turkey"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The apparently anthropomorphic appearance and meaning of (at least some of) the T-shaped pillars known from G\u00f6bekli Tepe, Neval\u0131 \u00c7ori (and likely many of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/2016\/05\/08\/the-current-distribution-of-sites-with-t-shaped-pillars\">other sites with similar pillars<\/a> in the area too) could have been convincingly explained by a number of very characteristic details depicted in reliefs on these pillars. Among them arms and hands as well as stola-like garments and, in the case of G\u00f6bekli Tepe&#8217;s Pillars 18 and 31 (in Building D), even belts and loincloths.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7509\" style=\"width: 581px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7509\" class=\"wp-image-7509 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2019\/03\/D1Js5VPWoAA0bxt.jpg-large-571x800.jpg\" alt=\"D1Js5VPWoAA0bxt.jpg large\" width=\"571\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2019\/03\/D1Js5VPWoAA0bxt.jpg-large-571x800.jpg 571w, https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2019\/03\/D1Js5VPWoAA0bxt.jpg-large-1285x1800.jpg 1285w, https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2019\/03\/D1Js5VPWoAA0bxt.jpg-large-768x1076.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2019\/03\/D1Js5VPWoAA0bxt.jpg-large-1097x1536.jpg 1097w, https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2019\/03\/D1Js5VPWoAA0bxt.jpg-large-676x947.jpg 676w, https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2019\/03\/D1Js5VPWoAA0bxt.jpg-large-731x1024.jpg 731w, https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2019\/03\/D1Js5VPWoAA0bxt.jpg-large.jpg 1462w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7509\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The characteristic T-pillars can be recognized as larger-than-life human(-like) sculptures due to a number of specific elements. (Illustration: J. Notroff)<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">It was the discovery of these peculiar new type of T-shaped pillars, for the first time excavated in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic settlement of Neval\u0131 \u00c7ori on the middle Euphrates (like G\u00f6bekli Tepe\u00a0in \u015eanl\u0131urfa Province) in the 1980s <a href=\"http:\/\/tayproject.org\/TAYmaster.fm$Retrieve?YerlesmeNo=2064&amp;html=masterengdetail.html&amp;layout=web\">[external link]<\/a>, which also shed new light onto another find &#8211; until then rather considered an archaeological oddity &#8211; of a unique piece of sculpture: The so-called <em>Kilisik Sculpture<\/em> found in 1965 near Ad\u0131yaman in southeastern Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-7499 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/image-for-object-a-413-from-archaologisches-museum-der-wwu-munster\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"637\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2019\/03\/03144720679-637x600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-7512\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-7512'>\n\t\t\t\tCast of the &#8216;Kilisik sculpture&#8217; from Ad\u0131yaman. (Images: Arch\u00e4ologisches Museum der WWU M\u00fcnster, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/image-for-object-a-413-from-archaologisches-museum-der-wwu-munster-3\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2019\/03\/03153233737-800x600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-7514\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-7514'>\n\t\t\t\tCast of the &#8216;Kilisik sculpture&#8217; from Ad\u0131yaman. (Images: Arch\u00e4ologisches Museum der WWU M\u00fcnster, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/image-for-object-a-413-from-archaologisches-museum-der-wwu-munster-4\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2019\/03\/03153319641-800x600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-7515\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-7515'>\n\t\t\t\tCast of the &#8216;Kilisik sculpture&#8217; from Ad\u0131yaman. (Images: Arch\u00e4ologisches Museum der WWU M\u00fcnster, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/image-for-object-a-413-from-archaologisches-museum-der-wwu-munster-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"668\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2019\/03\/03144934071-668x600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-7513\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-7513'>\n\t\t\t\tCast of the &#8216;Kilisik sculpture&#8217; from Ad\u0131yaman. (Images: Arch\u00e4ologisches Museum der WWU M\u00fcnster, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The sculpture was originally found by a local farmer and purchased from him by two archaeology students working at the excavations in Arsameia &#8220;about an hour by horse north-west of the Roman bridge in the village of Kilisik&#8221; and later transferred to the Archaeological Museum in Ad\u0131yaman (Hauptmann 2012, 18-20). The stele is measuring c. 80 cm in height and carved from limestone, the conspiciously T-shaped head shows a broader back and rather slim face with an emphasized nose and only suggested eyes. Arms are depicted on both sides of the body, the hands meeting above the belly at some bulge which can be identified as head of another, smaller figure below. Whose left arm is more or less hanging down, but the right hand seems to reach towards its lower body &#8211; where a circular hollow was carved into the stone (Hauptmann 2012, 20 (in an earlier interpretation, Hauptmann (2000, 8-9) even discussed the possibility to read head and body of the smaller figure as navel and penis depictions, cf. also Verhoeven 2001)). Whether or not this hollow already was part of the sculpture&#8217;s original design or was later added (maybe for a phallus to be mounted or something similar, or to indicate a hermaphroditic nature of the figure as e.g. Hodder and Meskell (2011, 238) suggested) remains unclear.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Although its original find context still could not have been figured out (Hauptmann (2012, 18) suggested an early Neolithic settlement north of the village), the <em>Kilisik Sculpture<\/em> is an extraordinary find among depictions and sculptures of that period due to its specific shape, apparently combining characteristics of very different elements of other types of known Neolithic sculpture:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">While significantly smaller, it still shares the rather abstract T-form of the much larger (in case of G\u00f6bekli Tepe up to 5.5 m high) T-pillars &#8211; including the depiction of arms on the sides and hands above the &#8216;stomach&#8217;.\n<p><div id=\"attachment_76\" style=\"width: 2858px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-76\" class=\"wp-image-76 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/03\/gc3b6bekli-tepe_fig-3.jpg\" alt=\"G\u00f6bekli Tepe_Fig. 3\" width=\"2848\" height=\"4256\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-76\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pillar 31 in Building D showing anthropomorphic features like hands and arms and pieces of clothing (Photo: N. Becker, DAI).<\/p><\/div><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The sculpture&#8217;s face, however, in particular the emphasised nose, resembles a group of more naturalistic, often (but not exclusively) life-sized human sculptures, of which the one from Urfa-Yeni Mahalle (so-called <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/2016\/10\/14\/the-urfa-man\/\">Urfa Man<\/a><\/em>) may be the best known example (showing a similar gesture, also reaching towards the lower body, both hands covering (and hiding) the genitals &#8211; or pointing towards a small hollow (into which, again, a phallus could have been inserted?)). From G\u00f6bekli Tepe there are known at least <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/2016\/05\/05\/losing-your-head-at-gobekli-tepe\">a number of limestone heads<\/a> (originally most probably belonging to similar sculptures) &#8211; also featuring the characteristic nose part of the face.\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-7499 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/img_1685\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/img_1685-800x600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-1108\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-1108'>\n\t\t\t\tSo-called Urfa Man is considered the oldest known life-sized sculpture of a man (Photo: J. Notroff, DAI).\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/36_steinkopfe-gt-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/36_steinkc3b6pfe-gt-2-800x600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-1051\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-1051'>\n\t\t\t\tLimestone head from G\u00f6bekli Tepe, supposedly part of a sculpture similar to \u2018Urfa Man\u2019 (Photo: N. Becker, DAI).\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Finally, the <em>Kilisik Sculpture<\/em>\u00a0combining a larger figure grabbing a smaller one by its head below again is reminiscent of another peculiar find of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/2017\/03\/01\/the-gobekli-tepe-totem-pole\">a large composite sculpture<\/a> from G\u00f6bekli Tepe &#8211; featuring a larger animal (?) with human-like arms grabbing for another individual&#8217;s head, and yet another, smaller, figure underneath. A similar, also composite sculpture was furthermore discovered almost 20 years earlier at Neval\u0131 \u00c7ori too (Schmidt 2012, 73-76).\n<p><div id=\"attachment_4393\" style=\"width: 2372px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4393\" class=\"wp-image-4393 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/03\/fig-19.jpg\" alt=\"fig-19\" width=\"2362\" height=\"2475\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/03\/fig-19.jpg 2362w, https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/03\/fig-19-763x800.jpg 763w, https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/03\/fig-19-1718x1800.jpg 1718w, https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/03\/fig-19-768x805.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/03\/fig-19-1466x1536.jpg 1466w, https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/03\/fig-19-1954x2048.jpg 1954w, https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/03\/fig-19-676x708.jpg 676w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2362px) 100vw, 2362px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4393\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Composite sculpture from G\u00f6bekli Tepe (Photo: N. Becker, DAI).<\/p><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">This combination of very specific and very different elements and ideas makes the sculpture from Kilisik so special among Pre-Pottery Neolithic image representations and forms an interesting link between the various types of sculptural art of the period. Hauptmann (2012, 22) even suggested to interpret this scene as a &#8216;mother and child&#8217; motive (known i.a. from two of Neval\u0131 \u00c7ori&#8217;s clay figurines). In this case the Kilisik example would represent the first female depiction to be associated with the T-shaped sculptures. Since the depiction lacks clear sexual characteristics, this remains a rather vague and ambivalent possibility asking for further research. The Kilisik Sculpture, however, already could demonstrate that with a growing number of such finds our understanding of the complexity of early Neolithic art is still increasing.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Refrences:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">H. Hauptmann, Ein fr\u00fchneolithisches Kultbild aus Kommagene, in: J. Wagner (ed.), Gottk\u00f6nige am Euphrat. Neue Ausgrabungen und Forschungen in Kommagene, Mainz 2000, 5-9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">H. Hauptmann, Fr\u00fchneolithische <span class=\"l\">Kultbilder in der Kommagene, in J. Wagner (ed.), Gottk\u00f6nige am Euphrat. Neue Ausgrabungen und Forschungen in Kommagene, 2. erweiterte Auflage<\/span>\u00a0, Darmstadt\/Mainz 2012, 13-22. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/34293264\/GOTTK\u00d6NIGE_AM_EUPHRAT_Neue_Ausgrabungen_und_Forschungen_in_Kommagene\">[external link]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">I. Hodder and L. Meskell,\u00a0A \u201cCurious and Sometimes a Trifle Macabre Artistry.\u00a0Some Aspects of Symbolism in Neolithic Turkey, Current Anthropology 52(2), 2011, 235-263. <a href=\"http:\/\/radicalanthropologygroup.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/class_text_136.pdf\">[external link]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">K. Schmidt, A Stone Age Sanctuary in South- Eastern Anatolia, Berlin 2012.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">M. Verhoeven, Person or Penis? Interpreting a &#8216;New&#8217; PPNB Anthropomorphic Statue from the Taurus Foothills, Neo-Lithics 1\/01, 2001, 8-9. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.exoriente.org\/repository\/NEO-LITHICS\/NEO-LITHICS_2001_1.pdf\">[external link]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The apparently anthropomorphic appearance and meaning of (at least some of) the T-shaped pillars known from G\u00f6bekli Tepe, Neval\u0131 \u00c7ori (and likely many of the other sites with similar pillars in the area too) could have been convincingly explained by a number of very characteristic details depicted in reliefs on these pillars. Among them arms [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7533,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[69608,580981432,580981433,76499,489839847,155928915],"class_list":["post-7499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-iconography","tag-kilisik","tag-nevali-cori","tag-sculptures","tag-t-pillars","tag-urfa-man","post-preview"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7499"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7499"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7499\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7599,"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7499\/revisions\/7599"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dainst.blog\/the-tepe-telegrams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}